This workshop brought together practitioners working on inference problems in fields across theoretical nuclear physics and astrophysics, from hadron structure and lattice quantum chromodynamics to nuclear astrophysics. The five-day workshop was structured to facilitate interdisciplinary discussions that included methodological developments and their implications in nuclear physics and beyond. Clear presentations and ample discussion time allowed for participants from different backgrounds to generate new, and refine existing, understanding of common problems in areas such as data analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The workshop was very successful and organizers heard warm praise for the quality of the presentations and discussions and for the welcoming and stimulating environment at the INT.